Phrasal Verbs – take part 2

Now let’s continue looking at some common expressions using the verb ‘to take ‘ combined with particles:

‘to take in’ means to let someone stay in your house as a guest.

* She is taking in paying guests to help pay for her house.
* She took in a lodger to help pay the mortgage.

‘to take in’ also means to deceive someone, to make someone believe something that is not true.

* I was completely taken in by him. I believed everything he said.
* Don’t be taken in by all the publicity. It’s a very expensive product.

‘to take in’ also means to understand, comprehend a situation.

* I just couldn’t take in what he was saying. It didn’t make sense.
* He was in shock and couldn’t take in what people were saying to him.

‘to take in’ also means to take something for repair.

* I took my car in this morning for a service.
* I’ll take it in and get it cleaned.

‘to take off’ means to remove something, especially clothes.

* I had to take my coat off when the sun came out, it was so warm.
* I wish he would take off his sunglasses so we can see his eyes.

‘to take off’ is also to be away from work for holidays or illness.

* He has never taken a day off in twenty years. He’s our best employee.
* I’m going to take a couple of days off to visit my parents.

‘to take off’ is also when a plane leaves the ground.

* The plane was over half an hour late taking off but we arrived on time.
* I hate taking off. I can’t see how the plane can get off the ground.

‘to take on’ means to begin to employ someone.

* Sophie has just been taken on with a permanent contract.
* We need to take on a couple of extra sales people as business is growing very fast.

‘to take on’ also means to accept a responsibility or a work.

* We’ve taken on too much work. We just don’t have enough staff to do it.
* We can’t take on any more new clients. We have too many already.

‘to take out’ means to remove something from a particular place.

* He took the picture out of the frame and gave it to me.
* She had to take everything out of her handbag before she found her papers.

Phrasal Verbs -’take’ part 1

Now let’s begin looking at some common expressions using the verb ‘to take ‘ combined with particles:

‘to take after’ means to resemble a parent or family member.

* She’s blond with blue eyes. She takes after her father.
* He is good at maths. He doesn’t take after me!

‘to take along’ means you take someone or something with you when you go somewhere.

* I took Sue along to the party. She really enjoyed it.
* Shall we take a bottle along? That is always appreciated.

‘to take apart’ means to separate something into the parts it is made up of.

* He took the machine apart and couldn’t reassemble it.
* The machine needs taking apart and cleaning and oiling then it’ll work.

‘to take aside’ means to isolate a person from the rest of a group to talk to them privately.

* After the meeting, he took me aside and asked me what I really thought.
* She took Danny aside and explained what she wanted him to do.

‘to take away’ means to remove something from its place and put it elsewhere.

* Someone had cleaned the room and taken away all the dirty dishes.
* Take that away! I don’t want it in here.

‘to take away’ also means to remove something and stop them having it again.

* His passport was taken away so he can’t leave the country.
* Security was very strict in the airport, they even took away my bottle of water!

‘to take back’ means to return something you have bought or borrowed.

* When I got home I discovered it didn’t work so I took it back to the shop.
* When you’ve finished using it, can you take it back to the kitchen and put it away, please?

‘to take down’ means to go to a lower level or place with something.

* I took them down to the beach for the day as the weather was beautiful.
* Can you take that down, please? It shouldn’t be up here in your bedroom.

‘to take down’ also means to remove something that is attached to a wall or other object.

* When I went into the sitting room, I noticed that he had taken down all the pictures.
* Now the election is over, all the posters have been taken down.

Một số cấu trúc cầu khiến (causative)

Dưới đây là một số cấu trúc cầu khiến (causative).

1. To have sb do sth = to get sb to do sth = Sai ai, khiến ai, bảo ai làm gì

Ex: I’ll have Peter fix my car.
Ex: I’ll get Peter to fix my car.

2. To have/to get sth done = làm một việc gì bằng cách thuê người khác

Ex: I have my hair cut. (Tôi đi cắt tóc - chứ không phải tôi tự cắt)
Ex: I have my car washed. (Tôi mang xe đi rửa ngoài dịch vụ - không phải tự rửa)

Theo khuynh hướng này động từ to want và would like cũng có thể dùng với mẫu câu như vậy: To want/ would like Sth done. (Ít dùng)

Ex: I want/ would like my car washed.

Câu hỏi dùng cho loại mẫu câu này là: What do you want done to Sth?

Ex: What do you want done to your car?

3. To make sb do sth = to force sb to do sth = Bắt buộc ai phải làm gì

Ex: The bank robbers made the manager give them all the money.
Ex: The bank robbers forced the manager to give them all the money.

Đằng sau tân ngữ của make còn có thể dùng 1 tính từ: To make sb/sth + adj

Ex: Wearing flowers made her more beautiful.
Ex: Chemical treatment will make this wood more durable

4.1. To make sb + P2 = làm cho ai bị làm sao

Ex: Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday.

4.2. To cause sth + P2 = làm cho cái gì bị làm sao

Ex: The big thunder storm caused many waterfront houses damaged.

Nếu tân ngữ của make là một động từ nguyên thể thì phải đặt it giữa make và tính từ, đặt động từ ra phía đằng sau: make it + adj + V as object.

Ex: The wire service made it possible to collect and distribute news faster and cheaper.

Tuy nhiên nếu tân ngữ của make là 1 danh từ hay 1 ngữ danh từ thì không được đặt it giữa make và tính từ: Make + adj + noun/ noun phrase.

Ex: The wire service made possible much speedier collection and distribution of news.

5. To let sb do sth = to permit/allow sb to do sth = để cho ai, cho phép ai làm gì

Ex: I let me go.
Ex: At first, she didn’t allow me to kiss her but…

6. To help sb to do sth/do sth = Giúp ai làm gì

Ex: Please help me to throw this table away.
Ex: She helps me open the door.

Nếu tân ngữ của help là một đại từ vô nhân xưng mang nghĩa người ta thì không cần phải nhắc đến tân ngữ đó và bỏ luôn cả to của động từ đằng sau.

Ex: This wonder drug will help (people to) recover more quickly.

Nếu tân ngữ của help và tân ngữ của động từ sau nó trùng hợp với nhau, người ta sẽ bỏ tân ngữ sau help và bỏ luôn cả to của động từ đằng sau.

Ex: The body fat of the bear will help (him to) keep him alive during hibernation.

7. Ba động từ đặc biệt: see, watch, hear

Đó là những động từ mà ngữ nghĩa của chúng sẽ thay đổi đôi chút khi động từ sau tân ngữ của chúng ở các dạng khác nhau.

+ To see/to watch/ to hear sb/sth do sth (hành động được chứng kiến từ đầu đến cuối)

Ex: I heard the telephone ring and then John answered it.

+ To see/to watch/ to hear sb/sth doing sth (hành động không được chứng kiến trọn vẹn mà chỉ ở một thời điểm)

Ex: I heard her singing at the time I came home.

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